Encaustic Wax
Encaustic (literally means "burning in") Wax Painting is a method of painting
using hot molten wax as the medium.
It was one of the earliest mediums used for easel painting. It was used in
Greece 1500 years ago - often for burial portraits. The fact that many of
these paintings have survived in brilliant conditions to the present day
attests to its permanence.
The medium consists quite simply of dry pigment mixed into melted beeswax,
sometimes with a little damar resin added. The "paint" is applied whilst
hot to the painting support - which can be virtually anything such as
canvas, paper, hardboard, wood or even glass or metal. The support can be
kept warm while working to keep the wax fluid. If painted on a cool surface
the wax will set almost instantaneously, allowing layers of colour to be
built up very quickly.
I work by using a small oven to heat the wax. I use conventional brushes to
apply the wax sometimes, but more often I work with heated spatulas or
palette knives to manipulate the wax directly on the painting. I also like
to pour and drip the wax colours directly onto the support and let it drip
down like . . . ummm . . . . molten wax!
I like using the wax with only a little pigment in it to get a
semi-transparent effect. It's also good combined with collage or with
actual objects embedded in the wax. I have also developed a technique where
I use wax crayons (which I make myself using the same wax and pigment medium
poured into moulds). I like to rub the crayons over heavily textured areas
of the painting in a sort of "scumbling" effect to bring out the texture.
The techniques and possibilities of this often over-looked medium are
virtually limitless. |